Supplements for diabetics are becoming an essential part of managing blood sugar levels naturally. While medication and diet remain the foundation of diabetes care, certain vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements can support glucose control, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce the risk of complications. In this guide, you’ll discover the most effective and research-backed supplements that your doctor might not have mentioned.
When we talk about supplementation for diabetics, it is interesting to note that, according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), half of the American diabetic population takes dietary supplements. In fact, nutritional supplementation has been considered a complementary resource in the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In addition, several studies suggest that certain supplements for diabetics may play an important role in glycemic control, although the main approach should include a planned diet, regular physical exercise and medication prescribed by a doctor. In this complete guide, we will explore the different types of supplements for diabetics that can help control blood glucose.
We will cover everything from specific vitamins and minerals to probiotics and synbiotics that have shown promising results in recent research. So, if you are looking for complementary alternatives for managing diabetes, keep reading to discover options that your doctor may not have mentioned.
Table of Contents
Why supplementation can help control diabetes
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Many people don’t know this, but supplementation for diabetics can be an important ally in controlling the disease. This happens for specific reasons that go beyond simple dietary supplements.
Common deficiencies in people with diabetes
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common in diabetics due to three main factors: high urinary losses, reduced intestinal absorption capacity and low dietary intake. Recent research reveals that more than 45% of individuals with type 2 diabetes have multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Among those with complications associated with the disease, 40% have some type of nutritional deficiency. Women with diabetes are more vulnerable to these deficiencies than men. Vitamin D is the most frequently deficient vitamin, affecting more than 60% of patients. In addition, magnesium deficiencies affect 42% of cases and zinc also appears as one of the most evident deficiencies. Vitamin B12 deficiency deserves special attention, especially among metformin users, with almost 29% of them presenting this deficiency. In a study carried out in Brazil, 27% of patients with diabetes had vitamin B12 deficiency.
How supplementation acts on glucose metabolism
In the case of vitamin D, it directly influences insulin secretion through different mechanisms: increasing intracellular calcium concentrations, supplying calcium to beta cells and activating protein kinase. However, studies show that supplementation only produces significant results when there is a previous deficiency.
Zinc supplementation, on the other hand, has shown benefits in glycemic control in type 1 and 2 diabetic patients. Similarly, berberine has been widely studied for its ability to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose levels.
Importance of professional monitoring
Despite the potential benefits, supplementation should not be a routine practice. In fact, it needs to be individualized and indicated according to the presence of a proven deficiency. Therefore, constant medical monitoring is essential throughout use.
To ensure efficacy and safety, it is ideal to have a multidisciplinary team composed of a nutritionist, endocrinologist and physical trainer. In addition, it is essential to be aware of the risks: some supplements contain simple carbohydrates that directly impact blood glucose levels, while patients with compromised kidney function need to adequately dose the amount of protein supplements.
7 Supplements for Diabetics with Proven Benefits
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Scientific research has shown that some specific supplements can help control diabetes. Let’s take a look at the seven most promising ones based on clinical evidence.
Magnesium
This mineral participates as a cofactor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions in the body. Magnesium deficiency is present in 75% of type 2 diabetic patients, with 30.8% presenting an intracellular deficit. It acts directly on insulin sensitivity, helping in the absorption of glucose from the blood into the cells. The American Diabetes Association recommends that diabetics regularly monitor their levels of this mineral.
Chrome
It is an essential mineral that enhances the action of insulin and its effects on the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Studies show that people with type 2 diabetes have lower blood levels of chromium than healthy individuals. Supplementation with chromium picolinate (200-1,000 mcg/day) has been shown to improve glycemic control in diabetics, reducing glycated hemoglobin by 0.6%.
Omega 3
This essential fatty acid increases insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammatory processes in the diabetic body. A Brazilian study showed that omega 3 reduces insulin resistance and improves glucose tolerance by modulating the inflammatory response. It forms a perfect pair with magnesium in controlling diabetes.
Vitamin D
A deficiency in this vitamin can predispose to glucose intolerance and changes in insulin secretion. It directly influences the β-cells of the pancreas, adipose tissue and muscle. Studies show that supplementation with 50,000 IU daily for eight weeks significantly reduced HOMA-IR (from 3.57 to 2.89) and improved insulin secretion in diabetics with previous deficiency.
Berberine
This natural compound has shown promising effects on glycemic control. Studies indicate that berberine can help improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood glucose. The common dosage is 0.9 grams daily, being particularly useful for patients with insulin resistance. However, it can interact with medications such as metformin, potentiating their effects.
Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA)
A potent antioxidant that protects cells from free radical damage. ALA improves the efficiency of insulin and sugar transport into cells. Studies show that doses of 600-1800 mg daily can improve symptoms such as burning, pain, and numbness in the legs and arms of people with diabetic neuropathy.
Coenzyme Q10
Patients with type 2 diabetes are often deficient in CoQ10. This nutrient acts as an antioxidant and is essential for energy production in cells. Daily supplementation with 200 mg for 12 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, although it did not change fasting glucose or insulin levels in this particular study.
What studies say about supplements and diabetes
Image Source: National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
Recent scientific research has contributed significantly to our understanding of diabetic supplementation. Let’s explore what current science reveals on this topic.
Evidence for improved insulin sensitivity
Estudos clínicos demonstram que o cromo picolinato pode reduzir a resistência à insulina em pacientes diabéticos. Uma meta-análise publicada no Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology concluiu que esta suplementação diminui o índice de massa corporal e os níveis de insulina em jejum. Além disso, pesquisas de 2018 comprovaram que o cromo pode melhorar a sensibilidade à insulina especialmente em mulheres com diabetes.
A berberina também apresenta resultados promissores. Um estudo de 2012 revelou que este composto natural aumenta a sensibilidade à insulina, contribuindo para reduzir tanto a insulina quanto a glicose sanguíneas. De acordo com outra pesquisa, a berberina ativa o GLP-1, que promove a secreção de insulina e ajuda no controle glicêmico.
Studies with probiotics and synbiotics
The relationship between intestinal microbiota and type 2 diabetes has gained attention from the scientific community. Recent research suggests that dysbiosis (imbalance) of the microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
A comprehensive meta-analysis evaluated 22 clinical studies with 2,218 patients and found significant results: probiotic supplementation improved important markers such as HOMA-IR (P=0.02), glycated hemoglobin (P=0.004) and fasting blood glucose (P<0.0001). In Brazil, researchers from UFRGS analyzed more than 5,000 studies, of which 38 met the necessary criteria for evaluation. This systematic review showed that probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics can stimulate the increase of beneficial microorganisms that produce short-chain fatty acids, improving insulin resistance and glycemic control.
Limitations of current research
Despite the promising results, there are important limitations in the available research. The studies use different strains of probiotics, making it difficult to identify the most effective ones for treating diabetes. Therefore, there are still no clear recommendations on which specific strains are most beneficial.
In addition, the American Diabetes Association states that there is not sufficiently strong evidence on the effects of dietary supplements on diabetics. The UFRGS review also highlights that the magnitude of the effect is small, indicating that these supplements should never replace conventional treatment.
The researchers emphasize the need for long-term, large-scale, standardized studies so that supplements can be used effectively in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Precautions when using supplements for diabetes
Despite the potential benefits, supplementation for diabetics requires specific care to avoid health complications. Understanding the associated risks is essential for anyone considering this therapeutic option.
Risks of Drug Interactions
One of the biggest dangers is the interaction between supplements and medications. Metformin, an essential drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, can reduce vitamin B12 levels in 30% of patients. This effect occurs because metformin blocks the intestinal absorption of this vitamin mediated by calcium.
Additionally, as we age and develop more chronic conditions, the risk of drug interactions increases significantly. For example, herbal supplements can affect the metabolism of other medications. Resveratrol, a popular antioxidant, can slow the metabolism of common medications and cause unwanted side effects.
When to avoid supplementation
The American Diabetes Association does not recommend the use of herbal supplements for diabetics. In fact, supplementation should only be considered when there is a deficiency proven by testing.
Patients with diabetes should avoid supplements containing dextrose, as it can rapidly increase blood sugar levels. It is also important to note that vitamin D levels above 125 ng/ml can cause adverse effects such as nausea, constipation, heart problems, and kidney damage.
Therefore, before starting any supplementation, consult your doctor, especially if you are already taking other medications. Many commercially sold supplements may contain substances not listed on the label, including anabolic steroids.
How to identify signs of excess or deficiency
In the specific case of vitamin B12 deficiency caused by metformin, some symptoms deserve attention:
Fatigue and lack of strength
Tingling in the limbs
Loss of sensitivity in the hands and feet
For screening, it is suggested that the serum dosage of vitamin B12 in patients with type 2 diabetes be between 200-400 pg/ml. In suspected cases with hematological alteration, the dosage of homocysteine (5-15 umol/l) and MMA (<0.28 umol/l) are more specific.
Finally, remember that the best way to obtain nutrients is through a natural and balanced diet. Supplementation should be seen as a temporary intervention, not a permanent solution, and always under professional guidance.emporária, não como solução permanente, e sempre sob orientação profissional.
Conclusion
Throughout this article, we have explored how supplementation can serve as a valuable ally in the management of diabetes. Certainly, nutrients such as magnesium, chromium, omega-3 and vitamin D demonstrate significant potential for improving insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. In addition, substances such as berberine, alpha lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10 have complementary benefits that deserve attention.
However, it is important to emphasize that no supplement is a substitute for conventional diabetes treatment. In fact, supplementation should be viewed as a complementary strategy, never as a primary alternative. Equally important, any decision about supplementation should be individualized and based on tests that demonstrate specific deficiencies.
Regular medical monitoring is essential throughout the treatment process. This is because interactions between supplements and medications, especially metformin, can cause unwanted effects. Therefore, having frank conversations with healthcare professionals before starting any supplementation can help prevent future complications.
Finally, a balanced and natural diet continues to be the best source of nutrients for people with diabetes. Although supplementation can help in specific cases of deficiency, a healthy diet, regular exercise and appropriate medication form the essential three pillars for effective control of the disease. Therefore, consider supplements as part of a comprehensive care strategy, always under qualified professional guidance.
FAQs
Which supplements are most beneficial for diabetics?
Studies indicate that magnesium, chromium, omega 3, vitamin D, berberine, alpha lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10 can bring benefits in controlling diabetes. However, effectiveness varies from person to person and supplementation should be done under medical supervision.
How can supplementation help control diabetes?
Supplementation can help control blood sugar levels, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce complications associated with diabetes. Some supplements, such as magnesium and chromium, act directly on glucose metabolism, while others, such as omega-3, have anti-inflammatory effects.
What precautions should I take when using diabetes supplements?
It is essential to consult a doctor before starting any supplementation, as interactions with medications may occur. In addition, it is important to undergo tests to identify specific deficiencies and avoid excessive use of supplements, which can cause adverse effects.
Can supplementation replace conventional diabetes treatment?
No. Supplementation should be seen as a complement to conventional treatment, which includes a balanced diet, physical exercise and medication prescribed by a doctor. Supplements do not replace these essential measures in controlling diabetes.
Are there any risks associated with supplementation for diabetics?
Yes, there are risks, mainly related to drug interactions and side effects. For example, some supplements can affect blood glucose levels or interfere with the action of medications such as metformin. Therefore, medical monitoring is crucial when taking supplements.
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